Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi teknoloji, mitundu yatsopano ya zakudya zowonjezera zakudya nthawi zonse imapezeka m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo silikoni ndi imodzi mwa izo.Mwachitsanzo, spatulas za silikoni zokazinga, nkhungu zopangira makeke, mphete zomata za tableware, ndi mankhwala a ana monga pacifiers, udzu, ndi masuwachi onse amapangidwa ndi silikoni.Monga zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri, zida zolumikizirana ndi chakudya zopangidwa ndi silikoni zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe opepuka, anti drop, zosavuta kuyeretsa, komanso zosachita dzimbiri, ndipo ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa ogula omwe akufuna thanzi.Koma ogula ambiri akuda nkhawa kuti ziwiya za silikoni zomwe zakhala zikutentha kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, zimakumana ndi chakudya chochuluka chamafuta ndi acidic, ndikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi chakudya, kusuntha kwa plasticizer ndi kugwa kwachitsulo cholemera kumachitika. pophika?Kodi kuchuluka kwa "precipitate" ndi chiyani?Kodi ndi poizoni m'thupi la munthu akadyedwa?Kodi pali chitsimikizo chilichonse chamtundu ndi chitetezo cha zinthu za silicone?
Pofuna kumvetsetsa momwe mafosholo a silikoni ndi nkhungu za silikoni zimagulitsidwa pamsika wa Qingdao ndikupatsa ogula chidziwitso chodalirika komanso chodalirika chamankhwala, bungwe la Qingdao Municipal Consumer Protection Commission lidakhazikitsa mwalamulo kuyesa kofananira kwa mafosholo ena silikoni ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi nkhungu za silikoni pamapeto a 2021. M'mawa pa Marichi 9 nthawi ya 10 koloko, pulogalamu yayikulu yodziwika bwino ya sayansi "Consumer Laboratory" yopangidwa pamodzi ndi Qingdao Municipal Consumer Protection Commission, Qingdao Municipal Quality Inspection Institute, ndi Peninsula Urban Daily idakhazikitsa "3.15 Special Edition", yomwe idalowa mu labotale yakuthupi ndi yamankhwala ndikuukira mwachindunji malo oyesera kuti "agwire" kusamuka kwa zida zapakhitchini za silikoni panthawi yophika kwambiri.
Chiwerengero chonse cha zitsanzo za kuyesa kofananiraku ndi magulu 20, onse omwe adagulidwa ndi ogwira ntchito ku Qingdao Consumer Protection Commission ngati ogula wamba m'malo osiyanasiyana akuluakulu ogulitsa, masitolo akuluakulu, komanso malo ogulitsira malonda a e-commerce monga JD. ndi Tmall ku Qingdao.Pakati pawo, magulu 10 a mafosholo a silikoni amachokera kumalo ogula zinthu popanda intaneti;Magulu 10 a nkhungu za silikoni, magulu 7 ochokera m'malo ogulitsira osapezeka pa intaneti, ndi magulu atatu ochokera m'malo ogulitsira pa intaneti.
Kuyesaku kunachitika ku Qingdao Product Quality Inspection and Research Institute, ndipo zinthu zoyezetsa zidaphatikizapo kumwa potaziyamu permanganate, kusamuka kwathunthu, zitsulo zolemera (mu Pb), kusamuka kwa plasticizer (DEHP, DAP, DINP, DBP), ndi zinthu zosunthika ( antimony Sb, arsenic As, barium Ba, cadmium Cd, chromium Cr, lead Pb, mercury Hg, selenium Se).Miyezoyi ikuphatikiza GB 4806.11-2016 "National Food Safety Standard for Rubber Materials and Products in Contact with Food", GB 9685-2016 "National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Additives in Contact with Food Equipment and Products", GB 31604.30-2016 "National Food Safety Standard for the Determination and Migration of Phthalates in Contact with Food Equipment and Products" GB 6675.4-2014 "Safety of Toys - Part 4: Migration of Specific Elements", etc.
M'magazini ino ya "Consumer Lab", tiwona mwachindunji kusamuka kwa zophikira za silikoni panthawi yophika, kuwulula mawonekedwe ake oyamba, omwe ndi otsegula maso komanso opatsa chidwi.Poyankha zinthu zovulaza monga zitsulo zolemera ndi plasticizers zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa kwambiri nzika ndi ogula, kuyesaku kwawonjezera kuyesa koyenera ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba ndi zida zoyezera molondola, pogwiritsa ntchito sayansi kubwezeretsa chowonadi.
Han Bing, wamkulu wa projekiti yofananira ya Qingdao Municipal Consumer Protection Commission, ndi Sun Chunpeng, mainjiniya ochokera ku Qingdao Municipal Quality Inspection Institute, adayendera chipinda chowulutsira cha "Consumer Laboratory" kuti atulutse zotsatira zomaliza za kuyesa ndikupereka chitsogozo chovomerezeka cha ogula.Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zotsatira za mayesero ofananitsawa ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wa zitsanzo zokha ndipo sizikuyimira ubwino wa zitsanzo zina kapena magulu a chizindikiro.Palibe gawo lomwe limaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zofananira zoyesa kulengeza popanda chilolezo;'Mtengo' wa chitsanzo ndi mtengo wogula panthawiyo.
Mu labotale yakuthupi ndi yamankhwala ya Qingdao Quality Inspection Institute, magulu 20 a zitsanzo za silikoni adatumizidwa koyamba ku uvuni wa digirii 220 ndikukalamba mumlengalenga wotentha kwa maola 10, kufanizira chilengedwe chotentha kwambiri cha zinthu za silikoni pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse.Pambuyo pa maola 10, tulutsani zitsanzo 20 ndikuziziritsa.Dulani gawo lina la gelisi ya silika kuchokera ku zitsanzo 20 zilizonse molingana ndi chiŵerengero china choyesera pokonzekera chitsanzo.
Anayesedwa chitsanzo okalamba mu mpweya wotentha pa 220 ° C kwa maola 10
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma silicone spatula ndi nkhungu, chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri kwa nzika ndikuti ngati china chake chisamuke.Ntchito yoyesera ya 'kusamuka kwathunthu' imatha kujambula molondola kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe sizimawonongeka muzakudya zomwe zimasamukira ku chakudya.
Ndinawona akatswiri a labotale akumiza silikoni yodulidwa mu chakudya chofanana ndi 4% acetic acid ndi 50% ethanol, ndikuyiyika kwa maola 4 pa 100 ℃, ndikuyika madziwo mu mbale yomwe imatuluka nthunzi mpaka itasanduka nthunzi mpaka kuuma.Panthawiyi, zina za pansi pa mbale yotuluka nthunzi zimawoneka ngati zatsukidwa bwino, zopanda banga;Zina zimatha kuwonedwa ndi maso amaliseche ndi zotsalira zazing'ono zoyera zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa, zomwe zimawoneka ngati "mulingo".
Zotsalira pansi pa mbale yotulutsa mpweya ndi kutuluka kwa zinthu za silicone
Pogwiritsa ntchito acetic acid ndi ethanol kutengera malo okhala ndi mafuta ndi acidic momwe ziwiya za silikoni zimaphikira, zotsalira zomwe aliyense amawona ndizinthu zosasunthika zomwe zimachoka."Sun Chunpeng, mainjiniya ochokera ku Qingdao Quality Inspection Institute, adawonetsa kuti zinthu zosasunthika m'zakudya zimasamukira ku chakudya, zomwe zimatha kutulutsa fungo, zomwe zimakhudza kukoma kwa chakudya komanso kukhudza thanzi la anthu.
Komabe, chiwerengero chonse cha kusamuka chomwe chinapezedwa kuchokera kumagulu 20 a mphira wa raba spatula ndi silicone mold zitsanzo mu kuyeseraku akadali olimbikitsa kwambiri - kusuntha kwathunthu kwa silikoni spatula kumakhazikika kwambiri mumtundu wa 1.5 mg / sikweya decimeter mpaka 3.0 mg / decimeter lalikulu. , pamene kusuntha kwathunthu kwa nkhungu ya silicone kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri mumtundu wa 1.0 mg / square decimeter mpaka 2.0 mg / square decimeter, zonse zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za mtundu wa GB 4806.11-2016 (≤ 10 mg / square decimeter).Kuonjezera apo, zotsatira za kusamuka kwathunthu kwa silicone spatula ndi nkhungu ya silikoni sizinawonetse kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi mtengo wa chitsanzo.
Kuyesa kwa "kugwiritsira ntchito potaziyamu permanganate" ndi kuyesa kwina komwe kungathe kuchititsa kusamuka kwa zinthu za silicone kuti "ziwonetse mawonekedwe awo oyambirira".Oyesererawo adamiza gel odulidwa wa silika m'madzi pa 60 ℃ kwa maola awiri.Njira yothirirayo idasinthidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, ndipo mtengo wamagwiritsidwe wa potaziyamu permanganate pamapeto pake udatsimikiziridwa ndi kusintha kwa mtundu, kuwerengera kwa mlingo, ndi zina zambiri.
Zotsalira pansi pa mbale yotulutsa mpweya ndi kutuluka kwa zinthu za silicone
Pogwiritsa ntchito acetic acid ndi ethanol kutengera malo okhala ndi mafuta ndi acidic momwe ziwiya za silikoni zimaphikira, zotsalira zomwe aliyense amawona ndizinthu zosasunthika zomwe zimachoka."Sun Chunpeng, mainjiniya ochokera ku Qingdao Quality Inspection Institute, adawonetsa kuti zinthu zosasunthika m'zakudya zimasamukira ku chakudya, zomwe zimatha kutulutsa fungo, zomwe zimakhudza kukoma kwa chakudya komanso kukhudza thanzi la anthu.
Komabe, chiwerengero chonse cha kusamuka chomwe chinapezedwa kuchokera kumagulu 20 a mphira wa raba spatula ndi silicone mold zitsanzo mu kuyeseraku akadali olimbikitsa kwambiri - kusuntha kwathunthu kwa silikoni spatula kumakhazikika kwambiri mumtundu wa 1.5 mg / sikweya decimeter mpaka 3.0 mg / decimeter lalikulu. , pamene kusuntha kwathunthu kwa nkhungu ya silicone kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri mumtundu wa 1.0 mg / square decimeter mpaka 2.0 mg / square decimeter, zonse zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za mtundu wa GB 4806.11-2016 (≤ 10 mg / square decimeter).Kuonjezera apo, zotsatira za kusamuka kwathunthu kwa silicone spatula ndi nkhungu ya silikoni sizinawonetse kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi mtengo wa chitsanzo.
Kuyesa kwa "kugwiritsira ntchito potaziyamu permanganate" ndi kuyesa kwina komwe kungathe kuchititsa kusamuka kwa zinthu za silicone kuti "ziwonetse mawonekedwe awo oyambirira".Oyesererawo adamiza gel odulidwa wa silika m'madzi pa 60 ℃ kwa maola awiri.Njira yothirirayo idasinthidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, ndipo mtengo wamagwiritsidwe wa potaziyamu permanganate pamapeto pake udatsimikiziridwa ndi kusintha kwa mtundu, kuwerengera kwa mlingo, ndi zina zambiri.
Zotsatira zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti kumwa kwa potaziyamu permanganate mu mafosholo a silikoni kumakhazikika kwambiri mumitundu ya 2.0 mg/kg mpaka 3.0 mg/kg, pomwe kumwa kwa potaziyamu permanganate mu nkhungu za silikoni kumakhazikika kwambiri pamlingo wa 1.5 mg/kg. mpaka 2.5 mg/kg, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za mtundu wa GB 4806.11-2016 (≤ 10 mg/kg).Zotsatira za kumwa kwa potaziyamu permanganate pamafosholo a silikoni ndi nkhungu za silikoni sizinawonetse kusintha kwamitengo ndi zitsanzo.
>>>Kusanthula kwa zida: Zitsulo zolemera zapezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumagwirizana ndi miyezo ya dziko.
Kodi khitchini ya silicone idzatulutsa zinthu zapoizoni monga zitsulo zolemera ndi mapulasitiki pophika?Ichi ndi vuto lina lalikulu kwa nzika.Kuyesa kuzindikira kwazitsulo zolemera ndi plasticizers kumagawidwa m'magawo awiri akuluakulu: kukonzekera kwachitsanzo ndi kusanthula ndi zida zodziwira.Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti monga zitsulo zolemera zimadetsa nkhawa anthu ogula, kuyesa kumeneku kunawonjezera kuzindikira kwazitsulo zolemera.
Malinga ndi zofunikira za muyezo wadziko lonse wa GB 4806.11-2016 "National Food Safety Standard Rubber Materials and Products in Contact ndi Food", mutatha kuyesa ndikuwunika, zotsatira zonse za heavy metal (zowerengedwa ngati lead) zoyeserera zamagulu 20. za mafosholo a silikoni ndi nkhungu za silikoni zimakwaniritsa zofunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-18-2023
